skimming & scanning diferences

A few days ago, I have read my friend posting and found new vocabulary. Now, I think that this is good idea. We can try this way to increase our vocab and learn english such grammar or pronounciation.(Who know that we’ll be native speaker ^^).But, the major consideration is trying to add vocab, learn it, get experience especially for practising toefel =D and speak english fluently.(If only I lived in UK, I would speak English all the time ^^) I wish I could speak one in my daily activity =p (I remember, My teacher ever told me that I needed partner to practise it and ordered not to delay an occasion) So, let me practise ^_^ (Would you mind correcting me if I’m wrong?). We often read english articles, story or novels.But sometimes, We get troubled to find main idea or know important information quickly. These are tips from my teacher to differentiate between scanning and skimming.

Scanning and skimming is known as the way of or strategy of faster reading. The skill of skimming and scanning are very important when you need to read quickly for information.

Scanning means knowing what information you need to find before you read. You have something in your mind, your eyes, then, move quickly to find that particular information. You scan when you are looking for a fact or a detail or a particular vocabulary word. When you are scanning, you don’t have to read every word to answer the questions and don’t have understand every word.

Skimming means reading quickly for general meaning. You skim reading material to find out about topic, the main idea, and generic structure of passage. For this kind of reading, you only want to find out something and don’t want to know and memorize everything you read. In fact, you should leave out everything except a few important words. There are the words that tell you the general idea.

How do apply it?
Preview for skimming :
- read the title
- observe first and last sentence
- look for appearing frequently word
- answer this question : what is the generic structure of the text above?

just reminder that three kind of main idea :
- deductive when it find in the first paragraph
- inductive when it find in the last paragraph
- implicit when it is conclusion of the paragraph

good luck for trying ^^ I hope it helps us.

skimming & scanning

Skimming and Scanning Scientific Material

Skimming involves searching for the main ideas by reading the first and last paragraphs, noting other organizational cues, such as summaries, used by the author.

Scanning involves running your eyes down the page looking for specific facts or key words and phrases.

Skimming and scanning are particularly valuable techniques for studying scientific textbooks. Science writers pack many facts and details closely together, and students react by shifting their reading speeds to the lowest gear and crawling through the material. Notwithstanding the fact that science textbooks are usually well-organized, with main points and sub-topics clearly delineated, the typical student ignores these clues and plods through the chapter word-by-word, trying to cram it all in.

It is precisely these characteristics, organization and density of facts per page, that make it so vital that you employ skimming and scanning techniques. To successfully master a science test, you must understand thoroughly the major ideas and concepts presented.

Without such a conceptual framework, you will find yourself faced with the impossible task of trying to cram hundreds of isolated facts into your memory. Thus, a preliminary skimming for the main ideas by using the author's organization cues (topic headings, italics, summaries, etc.) is a vital preliminary step to more intensive reading and maximum retention. It will provide a logical framework in which to fit the details.

Similarly, scanning skills are valuable for several purposes in studying science.

First, they are an aid in locating new terms, which are introduced in the chapter. Unless you understand the new terms, it is impossible to follow the author's reasoning without dictionary or glossary. Thus a preliminary scanning of the chapters will alert you to the new terms and concepts and their sequence. When you locate a new term, try to find its definition. If you are not able to figure out the meaning, then look it up in the glossary or dictionary. (Note: usually new terms are defined as they are introduced in science texts. If your text does not have a glossary, it is a good idea to keep a glossary of your own in the front page of the book. Record the terms and their definition or the page number where the definition is located. This is an excellent aid to refer to when you are reviewing for an examination, as it provides a convenient outline of the course).

Secondly, scanning is useful in locating statements, definitions, formulas, etc. which you must remember completely and precisely. Scan to find the exact and complete statement of a chemical law., the formula of a particular compound in chemistry, or the stages of cell division. Also, scan the charts and figures, for they usually summarize in graphic form the major ideas and facts of the chapter.

If you practice these skimming and scanning techniques prior to reading a science chapter, you will find that not only will your intensive reading take much less time, but that your retention of the important course details will greatly improve.

to see a video please click on: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbozEcwLhRc&feature=related

PRAYER

In this lesson the basis of English grammar: what makes up a sentence, different types of words and how to use. It also explains how to conjugate verbs in the present and the use of articles.

The Sentence - The Prayer
The English sentence is basically composed of three parts:
OTHER VERB SUBJECT
The subject is the person / thing performing the action indicated by the verb. The rest of the sentence indicates a complement to the way it implements that action. For example:
She goes to the cinema.
In this sentence, the subject is SHE (Ella). The verb is GOES (va). The remaining states in this case, where he goes, TO THE CINEMA (cinema). This explanation is too simplistic, but serves to introduce the topic of subject and verb.
Subjects - Subjects
I I
You You
I The
She She
It He / She (animals or things)
We Us / We
You You / You
They They / They

TYPES OF SENTENCES

THE COMPOUND SENTENCE. CONCEPT AND DIVISION The compound sentence is one that has two or more simple sentences together syntactically
 She Looked up and saw him
She looked up and saw Depending on the link between the constituent simple sentences, compound sentences are juxtaposed, coordinated or subordinated
The simple sentence structure
English is very similar to Spanish in their grammar. It is therefore important to know the Spanish grammar to be easier to learn English. What we learn is the grammar of the sentence estructira simple and elements of that structure.
The two parts that simple prayer is divided into subject and predicate. The subject is one that performs the action and the predicate is what is said about the subject.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Affirmative prayer in English is built in accordance with the following structure:
Direct + Object +Subject Verb
I eat apples
You need help
We Bought a car


In the negative sentence, the auxiliary is placed before the main verb:
Auxiliary Verb Subject Direct Object denial
I do not eat apples
You do not need help
We Did not buy a car

In the interrogative sentence, the auxiliary is placed at the start of it:
Assistant Direct Object Subject Verb?
Do I eat apples?
Do you need help?
Did we buy a car?

Other additions to the prayer (place, time, etc..) Are usually placed at the end of it:
I eat apples at lunchtime.
You need help in your job.
We Bought a car last Friday.

Normally, the complement of place goes before the snap of time:
I eat apples at home at lunchtime.
You need help in your job right now.
We Bought a car in Madrid last Friday.

When there are adverbs in sentences, they are usually placed in front of the verb in the simple forms, and between the auxiliary and main verb in the compound forms (there are many exceptions):
I always eat apples at home.
I have always eaten apples at home.
You never need help.
Have you never need help.

VERBS

Describe actions, emotions and states.

There are three main types:

· Main verbs

· Auxiliary verbs

· Modal verbs

1. Main Verbs:

Form well-made sentences. They carry the main meaning.

Example: Walk

Talk

Expect

Grow

2. Auxiliary Verbs and Auxiliary Modals:

They indicate the grammatical tenses in the negative and interrogative forms.

Verbs: be, have, do

Modals: shall, will

3. Modals Verbs

They express possibility, capacity, permission, suggestion, desires or necessity.

They are: Can Could

May Might

Must Ought to

Should Would

Examples: He can do it

She might do it

Tense

A verb or verb phrase referring to the time of the action. A form that takes the verb depending on the time it is expressing.

There are three basic forms:

Simple tenses

Rashid catches the bus to school most days

Continues tenses

Rashid is catching the bus this morning

Perfect tenses

Rashid has caught the bus right now

Verbs Forms

There are four or five different forms

The base or infinitive form

Talk, expect, grow, talks, expects, grows

Present participle

Talking, expecting, growing

The past tense

Talked, expected, grew

The past participle

Talked, expected, grown

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

A. Trans. Verbs:

A verb that has a direct object.

Direct object: a noun phrase or pronoun coming after the verb:

The teacher helped Rebecca

Indirect object: is which can be used after a preposition to express the same meaning or over which refers the verb action in indirect form:

John gave Peter a book

John gave a book to Peter

B. Intransitive Verbs:

A verb that does not have a direct object over which the verb action falls down:

She laughed

She was laughing at him

Exercises

http://www.scribd.com/doc/26829320/The-Basic-Parts-of-Speech

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/parts_of_speech.htm

PREPOSITIONS

Expresses the noun relation with the other parts of the speech, such as by, on, with, from, after, before, etc.

She put the flowers on the table.

However, in some constructions English prepositions can be put at the end of a proposition.

The people I came here with

La gente con la que vine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxyRiHeRIUQ