VERBS

Describe actions, emotions and states.

There are three main types:

· Main verbs

· Auxiliary verbs

· Modal verbs

1. Main Verbs:

Form well-made sentences. They carry the main meaning.

Example: Walk

Talk

Expect

Grow

2. Auxiliary Verbs and Auxiliary Modals:

They indicate the grammatical tenses in the negative and interrogative forms.

Verbs: be, have, do

Modals: shall, will

3. Modals Verbs

They express possibility, capacity, permission, suggestion, desires or necessity.

They are: Can Could

May Might

Must Ought to

Should Would

Examples: He can do it

She might do it

Tense

A verb or verb phrase referring to the time of the action. A form that takes the verb depending on the time it is expressing.

There are three basic forms:

Simple tenses

Rashid catches the bus to school most days

Continues tenses

Rashid is catching the bus this morning

Perfect tenses

Rashid has caught the bus right now

Verbs Forms

There are four or five different forms

The base or infinitive form

Talk, expect, grow, talks, expects, grows

Present participle

Talking, expecting, growing

The past tense

Talked, expected, grew

The past participle

Talked, expected, grown

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

A. Trans. Verbs:

A verb that has a direct object.

Direct object: a noun phrase or pronoun coming after the verb:

The teacher helped Rebecca

Indirect object: is which can be used after a preposition to express the same meaning or over which refers the verb action in indirect form:

John gave Peter a book

John gave a book to Peter

B. Intransitive Verbs:

A verb that does not have a direct object over which the verb action falls down:

She laughed

She was laughing at him

Exercises

http://www.scribd.com/doc/26829320/The-Basic-Parts-of-Speech

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/parts_of_speech.htm

PREPOSITIONS

Expresses the noun relation with the other parts of the speech, such as by, on, with, from, after, before, etc.

She put the flowers on the table.

However, in some constructions English prepositions can be put at the end of a proposition.

The people I came here with

La gente con la que vine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxyRiHeRIUQ

Parts of Speech

NOUNS	Nouns are words that denote or name a person, animal o thing, as book, pen, John, Mary, dog, cat, etc.
VERBS	Verbs express an action, or a state, as go, study, be, feel, etc.
ADJECTIVES	Adjectives describe or define nouns, as good, bad, blue, my, an, etc.
ADVERBS	Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, as here, always, very, etc.
PRONOUNS	Pronouns are words used as replacements or substitutes for nouns, as he, him, that, me, them, mine, etc.
PREPOSITIONS	A preposition is a word used to show the relation between its object and some other word, as in, on, at, under, since, etc.
CONJUNCTIONS	Conjunctions function as connectors between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, as and, or, because, if, etc.
INTERJECTIONS	Interjections are words expressing emotion, distinguished by their use in grammatical isolation, as Hey! Oh!
ARTICLES	Word before noun: a word used with a noun that specifies whether the noun is definite or indefinite. In English the indefinite articles are "a" and "an," and the definite article is "the"

PARTS OF THE SPEECH

The speech could be written and spoken, so you need to learn its parts and how you must use them . I invite you to watch the following video which helps you to review this important grammar subject and you can visit these web sites to practice.

http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/OTHERREFERENCE/GRAMMARANDPUNCTUATION/PartsSpeech.html

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech_1.htm

http://www.toonuniversity.com/flash.asp?err=487&engine=2

THE SENTENCE

Verbals in Passive Structures

Verbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).

• Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
• Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
• Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.

The same is true of passive gerunds.

• Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
• Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
• Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.

With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase.

• [Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm

Les dejo una presentacion que les ayudara a conocer mas sobre la Voz Passiva

http://www.megaupload.com/?d=5TUUJS7Z

Passive Verb Formation

The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measurecould have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design."

Tense	Subject	Auxiliary		Past Participle
		Singular	Plural
Present	The car/cars	is	are	designed.
Present perfect	The car/cars	has been	have been	designed.
Past	The car/cars	was	were	designed.
Past perfect	The car/cars	had been	had been	designed.
Future	The car/cars	will be	will be	designed.
Future perfect	The car/cars	will have been	will have been	designed.
Present progressive	The car/cars	is being	are being	designed.
Past progressive	The car/cars	was being	were being	designed.

A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence:

Active	Professor Villa gave Jorge an A.
Passive	An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa.
Passive	Jorge was given an A.

Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*:

resemble	look like	equal	agree with
mean	contain	hold	comprise
lack	suit	fit	become

Defining the passive voice

A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. Take a look at this passive rephrasing of a familiar joke:

Why was the road crossed by the chicken?

Who is doing the action in this sentence? The chicken is the one doing the action in this sentence, but the chicken is not in the spot where you would expect the grammatical subject to be. Instead, the road is the grammatical subject. The more familiar phrasing (why did the chicken cross the road?) puts the actor in the subject position, the position of doing something—the chicken (the actor/doer) crosses the road (the object). We use active verbs to represent that "doing," whether it be crossing roads, proposing ideas, making arguments, or invading houses (more on that shortly).

Once you know what to look for, passive constructions are easy to spot. Look for a form of "to be" (is, are, am , was, were, has been, have been, had been, will be, will have been, being) followed by a past participle. (The past participle is a form of the verb that typically, but not always, ends in "-ed." Some exceptions to the "-ed" rule are words like "paid" (not "payed") and "driven." (not "drived"). Here's a sure-fire formula for identifying the passive voice:

form of "to be" + past participle = passive voice

MODELO DE VERBO EN VOZ PASIVA

TO BE SEEN = SER VISTO

PRESENTE I am seen, soy visto you are seen, eres visto he is seen, es visto we are seen, somos vistos you are seen, sois vistos they are seen, son vistos PRETERITO PERFECTO I have been seen, he sido visto you have been seen, has sido visto he has been seen, ha sido visto we have been seen, hemos sido vistos you have been seen, habéis sido vistos they have been seen, han sido vistos

PASADO I was seen, fui visto you were seen, fuiste visto he was seen, fue visto we were seen, fuimos vistos you were seen, fuisteis vistos they were seen, fueron vistos FUTURO I shall be seen, seré visto you will be seen, serás visto he will be seen, será visto we shall be seen, seremos vistos you will be seen, seréis vistos they will be seen, serán vistos

PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO: I had been seen, había sido visto CONDICIONAL: I should be seen, sería visto FUTURO PERFECTO: I shall have been seen, habré sido visto CONDICIONAL PERFECTO: I should have been seen, habría sido visto